Hiatal Hernia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What Is a Hiatal Hernia?

A hiatal hernia happens when part of your stomach pushes up through the opening in your diaphragm. The diaphragm is a muscle that helps you breathe. Normally, your stomach sits below this muscle. However, with a hiatal hernia, some of your stomach moves into your chest. This condition is common, especially as people get older. Although many people do not notice symptoms, some may feel discomfort. Understanding hiatal hernia can help you spot signs early and seek help if needed.

Common Symptoms of Hiatal Hernia

Many people with a hiatal hernia have no symptoms. Still, some may notice signs, especially after eating. For example, you might feel heartburn or chest pain. Below are common hiatal hernia symptoms:

Heartburn or a burning feeling in your chest

Regurgitation of food or sour liquid

Difficulty swallowing

Chest pain, especially after meals

Feeling full quickly

Shortness of breath (in some cases)

However, these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions. Therefore, it is important to talk to your doctor if you notice them.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors are not always sure why hiatal hernias happen. Still, several factors can increase your risk. For instance, pressure on your stomach may push it upward. Here are some common causes and risk factors:

Being overweight or obese

Getting older (risk increases with age)

Heavy lifting or straining

Chronic coughing or sneezing

Pregnancy

Injury to the area

Genetic factors (family history)

Because some risks can be controlled, making healthy choices may help lower your chances.

How Is Hiatal Hernia Diagnosed?

If you have symptoms, your doctor may suggest tests to check for a hiatal hernia. But how is hiatal hernia diagnosed? Usually, doctors use the following methods:

Barium swallow X-ray: You drink a special liquid, and X-rays show your stomach’s position.

Upper endoscopy: A thin tube with a camera looks at your esophagus and stomach.

Esophageal manometry: This test measures muscle strength in your esophagus.

Because symptoms can be similar to other problems, these tests help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Hiatal Hernia

Treatment for hiatal hernia depends on your symptoms. Many people do not need surgery. Instead, doctors often suggest lifestyle changes and medicines. Here are common treatment options:

Medications: Antacids, acid reducers, or proton pump inhibitors can ease heartburn.

Lifestyle changes: Eating smaller meals and avoiding certain foods may help.

Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be needed if symptoms are severe or if other treatments do not work.

Because each person is different, your doctor will recommend the best treatment for you.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

Although you cannot always prevent a hiatal hernia, some habits may lower your risk. For example, healthy choices can help you feel better and avoid symptoms. Try these tips for preventing hiatal hernia:

Maintain a healthy weight

Avoid heavy lifting or straining

Eat smaller, more frequent meals

Do not lie down right after eating

Raise the head of your bed if you have nighttime symptoms

Quit smoking

Because prevention is easier than treatment, these steps can make a big difference.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes, hiatal hernia symptoms can be mild. However, you should see a doctor if you have:

Severe or lasting chest pain

Difficulty swallowing

Vomiting blood or passing black stools

Unexplained weight loss

Because these signs could mean a more serious problem, do not wait to seek help.

Conclusion and Next Steps

In summary, a hiatal hernia happens when part of your stomach moves into your chest. While many people have no symptoms, others may feel heartburn or chest pain. Early diagnosis and proper treatment for hiatal hernia can help you feel better. For personalised guidance on hiatal hernia, consult Dr. Satish Yeddula today for expert evaluation and appropriate treatment advice.